American Eden: David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic By Victoria Johnson

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Author: Victoria Johnson

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Finalist for the 2018 National Book Award for NonfictionA New York Times Editors' Choice SelectionThe untold story of Hamilton’s—and Burr’s—personal physician, whose dream to build America’s first botanical garden inspired the young Republic.On a clear morning in July 1804, Alexander Hamilton stepped onto a boat at the edge of the Hudson River. He was bound for a New Jersey dueling ground to settle his bitter dispute with Aaron Burr. Hamilton took just two men with him: his “second” for the duel, and Dr. David Hosack.As historian Victoria Johnson reveals in her groundbreaking biography, Hosack was one of the few points the duelists did agree on. Summoned that morning because of his role as the beloved Hamilton family doctor, he was also a close friend of Burr. A brilliant surgeon and a world-class botanist, Hosack—who until now has been lost in the fog of history—was a pioneering thinker who shaped a young nation.Born in New York City, he was educated in Europe and returned to America inspired by his newfound knowledge. He assembled a plant collection so spectacular and diverse that it amazes botanists today, conducted some of the first pharmaceutical research in the United States, and introduced new surgeries to America. His tireless work championing public health and science earned him national fame and praise from the likes of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Alexander von Humboldt, and the Marquis de Lafayette.One goal drove Hosack above all others: to build the Republic’s first botanical garden. Despite innumerable obstacles and near-constant resistance, Hosack triumphed when, by 1810, his Elgin Botanic Garden at last crowned twenty acres of Manhattan farmland. “Where others saw real estate and power, Hosack saw the landscape as a pharmacopoeia able to bring medicine into the modern age” (Eric W. Sanderson, author of Mannahatta). Today what remains of America’s first botanical garden lies in the heart of midtown, buried beneath Rockefeller Center.Whether collecting specimens along the banks of the Hudson River, lecturing before a class of rapt medical students, or breaking the fever of a young Philip Hamilton, David Hosack was an American visionary who has been too long forgotten. Alongside other towering figures of the post-Revolutionary generation, he took the reins of a nation. In unearthing the dramatic story of his life, Johnson offers a lush depiction of the man who gave a new voice to the powers and perils of nature.

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This is just a wonderful and interesting biography of an important Early Republic figure: Dr. David Hosack (1769-1835). While Hosack was a talented and inventive physician, who trained many doctors during the country's early days, this but scratches the surface of his contributions. He was involved in virtually every cultural and scientific organization in New York city, including those developing natural history, and political and social history. He also helped found and develop two leading medical schools, and helped organize the New York Horticultural Society and the Literary and Philosophical Society of NY (America's Royal Society).However his major area of impact was as almost the founder of American botany, particularly the study and use of plants as the sources of medicinal tools. In this connection, his major contribution was to develop America's first botanical garden, Elgin, some 20 acres upon which Rockefeller Center now is situated. He pioneered the use of this garden to undertake important scientific research not only on American plants, but also on thousands of foreign plants shipped to him by foreign physicians and researchers. He imported Linnean nomenclature and classification techniques into the new nation. He trained many physician-botanists in how to utilize plant-based medicines. His efforts yielded him a major European reputation for his meticulous scientific research.Along the way he managed to interact with many of the most influential public figures of the day, many of whom were interested in botany themselves: Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Rush, Charles Willson Peale, Aaron Burr (Hosack was the physician present at the famous duel with Hamilton), von Humboldt, and Washington Irving to name just a few. No adverse events defeated him, including the forced sale of his garden to NY state, which in turn leased it to individuals who wrecked the site and destroyed many of the precious plants that had taken years of ceaseless effort by Hosack to maintain, on top of all his other activities.But there is even more. The book also affords insights into New York city history, an area taught by the author at Hunter College, as well as important events on the national level. The author has included many black and white illustrations (including some plants), combined with 8 beautiful pages of color prints of leading public figures and physical locations. The author's research is absolutely impressive with 60 pages of notes, 29 pages of sources and bibliography (both printed and digital), and an interesting section on "Illustration Credits. However the major things the book has going for it are the warmth the author feels for Horsack and a remarkable talent for writing and sharing her insights into this most important figure. More books from her I am hoping will be forthcoming.

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